Signal processing engineers call this process “sampling”: converting a continuous signal into (spatially) discrete values. The sensor carves up the incoming texture, averaging its intensity within each pixel. The diagram below simplifies the phenomenon by showing a single row of pixels.
When the scene contains a regular pattern that is as finely detailed as the pixel grid, moiré may appear. In the real world, we tend to see them most often when one dense, wire mesh fence sits behind another.Ĭameras are particularly prone to creating these patterns for the simple reason that moiré is the result of two regular grids interacting, and one already exists in the form of the neatly arranged rows of pixels that make up the camera’s sensor. Moiré is an interference phenomenon that can occur when two grids interact, with patterns often appearing as waves or ripples. Moiré ExplainedĬapturing light through the means of a uniform grid of pixels can produce some strange visual effects. As a result, the camera has to guess twice as many red values and twice as many blue values as it does green. In effect, the sensor has been split into three: one-half of the pixels sees only green, one-quarter sees only red, and the remaining quarter sees only blue. The foundation of the Bayer pattern is a block of four pixels with one red and one blue pixel sitting diagonally opposite one another, with the two remaining pixels both green. Instead, the typical camera sensor uses a uniform grid named after its inventor, Bryce Bayer, who came up with a beautifully simple design back in 1974. Our brains process this stream of continuously shifting data at incredible speed, expertly filling in any blanks using experience and assumptions - none of which is easily replicated in a camera. This design was inspired by nature: the human eye also has red, green, and blue receptors, although a critical difference is that these receptors are spread completely randomly across the retina. This uses sophisticated algorithms to calculate the missing red, green, and blue values for each individual pixel based on the surrounding pixels. In order to create an image, the next step is to interpolate this data through a process called demosaicing. This mosaic of red, green, and blue sits in front of the sensor and allows the camera to observe different colors through different pixels.
To solve this problem, manufacturers creating the earliest digital cameras invented the Color Filter Array (CFA). The solid-state photosites count photons, but they have no means of understanding the wavelength - and thus the color - of the light that they are receiving. The pixels on a camera’s sensor, whether it’s the smartphone in your pocket or a medium format body, only capture the intensity of light.
#DOES DXO PHOTOLAB 2 SUPPORT FUJIFILM SOFTWARE#
Fujifilm enthusiasts have long searched for the best software to process their images and DxO PhotoLab 5 and DxO PureRAW 2 now support for X-Trans raw files, offering clean images from Fujifilm cameras with fantastic detail rendition.īefore we can understand what makes X-Trans different from Bayer, it’s useful to remind ourselves how sensors capture light, how moiré comes about, and how the raw data from a sensor is turned into the images that we see on our screens. As will be explored below, there are certainly advantages and disadvantages to X-Trans and the algorithms used to interpret the raw data from this sensor are critical for getting good results. Given that the rest of the camera industry almost exclusively uses Bayer sensors, this was a bold move and the last ten years have seen many heated debates about whether X-Trans brings genuine benefits to photographers or is little more than an elaborate marketing trick. Never a company afraid to try something different, Fujifilm introduced the X-Trans sensor in 2012. What is it about X-Trans cameras that make them different to other cameras on the market, and how is machine learning revolutionizing the way that raw files are processed? Head Scientist Wolf Hauser discusses the pros and cons of X-Trans and how DxO’s approach to processing them leads to significant advances in image quality. A unique sensor now matched by next-generation processing: DxO DeepPRIME now supports Fujifilm X-TransĭxO’s latest software brings exciting news for Fujifilm photographers: both DxO PhotoLab 5 and DxO PureRAW 2 now process files from X-Trans sensors, producing remarkable levels of detail.
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